2022考研復習的大幕已經(jīng)拉開!英語是考研復習中重要的一環(huán),醫(yī)學教育網(wǎng)小編為了幫助大家更好的了解英語考試中的重點,整理了英語考試中翻譯部分中的“被動語態(tài)句式怎么翻譯”,請各位醫(yī)學考研的考生注意查看!
主動和被動語態(tài)的對比:
主動語態(tài)
被動語態(tài)
一般現(xiàn)在時
①is\am\ are ②do/does(V.\V.s) am\is\ are +done(V. p.p)
一般將來時
will\be going to\be (about) to +do(V.) will +be +done(V. p.p)
一般過去時
①was\were ②did(V.-ed) was\were +done(V. p.p)
現(xiàn)在進行時
am\is\are +doing(V.-ing) am\is\are +doing +done(V. p.p)
過去進行時
was\were +doing(V.-ing) was\were +doing +done(V.p.p)
現(xiàn)在完成時
have\ has +done(V. p.p.) have\has +been +done(V. p.p)
過去完成時
had +done(V. p.p.) Had +been +done(V. p.p.)
情態(tài)動詞
情態(tài)動詞+V.
情態(tài)動詞+be +done(V. p.p.)
過去將來時
would/should +V. would/should be + done(V. p.p.)
翻譯時有以下幾種翻譯方法:
①譯成漢語被動句:使用"被、受、遭、讓、給、由、把、得到、受到、加以、得以、為……所"等詞。
②增加主語,即動作的實際發(fā)出者,或虛擬發(fā)出者。
③譯成漢語無主句
另外還有一些常用被動句型的習慣譯法,需要平時積累,比如:
It is hoped that... 希望……,有人希望……
It is assumed that... 假設(shè)……,假定……
It is claimed that... 據(jù)說……,有人主張……
It is believed that... 有人想信……,大家相信……
It is reported that... 據(jù)報道……,據(jù)通報……
It is considered that... 人們認為……,據(jù)估計……
It is said that... 據(jù)說……,有人說……
【題例句】
It is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be required by a sort of special training.
【解析】
It is imagined by many //that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, //and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.
主句:it is imagined,其中it為形式主語,而that引導的 that the operations... compared with these processes和that they have to ... special training是并列的主語從句,為真正的主語。原文中有三個被動語態(tài)is imagined,be compared和be required,譯成漢語都變成了主動表達:"認為"、"相比"和"掌握"。具體為:
(1)It is imagined by many 此處是"It+被動語態(tài)+that"形式的處理,譯為"很多人認為"。
(2)that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, 此處所用的是譯成漢語主動句的處理方法,并保存原文主語譯為"普通人的思維活動根本無法與這些思維過程(科學家的思維過程)相比"。
(3)and that they have to be required by a sort of special training 此處所用的是譯成漢語被動句的處理方法,譯為"認為這些思維過程是必須由某種專門訓練才能掌握"。
【參考譯文】
許多人以為,普通人的思維活動根本無法與這些思維過程(科學家的思維過程)相比,認為這些思維過程是必須由某種專門訓練才能掌握。
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